Sand fly population dynamics in areas of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, Municipality of Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The present study is the second and last part of the study that investigated the fauna and behavior of sand flies in areas prone to cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreaks, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, in the municipality of Paraty. To collect the sand flies, CDC and Shannon light traps were used, installed in the peridomiciliary and forest areas, and manual suction tubes on the walls of the home and in the animal shelters. A total of 102,937 sand flies, belonging to nine genera and 23 species were captured from October 2009 to September 2012. Regarding the monthly frequency of sand flies, the period of highest density was from November to March, with a maximum peak in January. The lowest density was observed in June and July. In the studied area, the species of epidemiological importance, Nyssomyia intermedia, Pintomyia fischeri, Migonemyia migonei and Nyssomyia whitmani, were found in all months of the year, a period in which residents may be in contact with these vectors of the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Biodiversity assessment of Phlebotomine (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an environmental impacted area in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

From October 1994 to September 1996, in the municipality of Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro State, phlebotomines were captured on the walls of the houses by means of a manual suction tube and light traps, in the household, the peridomicile and in the forest. As it is an area undergoing a real expansion and an increment in the local tourism, with the purpose of assessing changes in the phlebotomine fauna caused by environmental changes in the region, new captures were made in the same location from October 2015 to September 2016, this time using only light traps. In the two phases of the study, a total of 6,681 phlebotomines were captured. The results indicated that Ny. intermedia and Mg. migonei are fully adapted to this anthropic environment, while Pi. fischeri was more abundant and eclectic, and was probably attracted to exercise hematophagy. Nyssomyia intermedia can be suggested as the main vector of the etiological agent of the American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in the studied areas. Pintomyia fischeri can also transmit Leishmania braziliensis, both in the environment altered by human action, and in the wild environment. Phlebotomines were captured in greater numbers between 6 and 8 pm in the peridomicile and between 9 and 11 pm in the household. The highest densities of phlebotomines were recorded in December, January and February. Despite almost 20 years between the two studies in the municipality of Mangaratiba, there was no change in the profile of the phlebotomine fauna in general; however, there was a greater density of species of medical importance in areas that suffered environmental impacts.

Biodiversity assessment of Phlebotomine (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an environmental impacted area in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

ABSTRACT From October 1994 to September 1996, in the municipality of Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro State, phlebotomines were captured on the walls of the houses by means of a manual suction tube and light traps, in the household, the peridomicile and in the forest. As it is an area undergoing a real expansion and an increment in the local tourism, with the purpose of assessing changes in the phlebotomine fauna caused by environmental changes in the region, new captures were made in the same location from October 2015 to September 2016, this time using only light traps. In the two phases of the study, a total of 6,681 phlebotomines were captured. The results indicated that Ny. intermedia and Mg. migonei are fully adapted to this anthropic environment, while Pi. fischeri was more abundant and eclectic, and was probably attracted to exercise hematophagy. Nyssomyia intermedia can be suggested as the main vector of the etiological agent of the American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in the studied areas. Pintomyia fischeri can also transmit Leishmania braziliensis, both in the environment altered by human action, and in the wild environment. Phlebotomines were captured in greater numbers between 6 and 8 pm in the peridomicile and between 9 and 11 pm in the household. The highest densities of phlebotomines were recorded in December, January and February. Despite almost 20 years between the two studies in the municipality of Mangaratiba, there was no change in the profile of the phlebotomine fauna in general; however, there was a greater density of species of medical importance in areas that suffered environmental impacts.

Estudo sobre a ecologia dos flebotomíneos (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) em ambientes de grande ação antrópica e silvestre, da orla marítima dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, Brasil / Study on the ecology of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in environments of great anthropic and wild action, on the waterfront of the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil

O processo de expansão da leishmaniose tegumentar, nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo, leva a real necessidade de se conhecer melhor a bioecologia dos flebotomíneos que ocorrem nas áreas endêmicas. Foram realizadas capturas sistematizadas em várias áreas de ocorrência de leishmaniose tegumentar da região da Costa Verde, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, nos municípios de Mangaratiba, Angra dos Reis e Paraty e em ambiente silvestre, no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo de Picinguaba, Estado de São Paulo. Na primeira fase, iniciada no final da década de oitenta e concluída ao término da década de noventa, foram feitas capturas de flebotomíneos pousados nas paredes internas e externas das casas e no domicílio, peridomicílio e floresta, com armadilhas luminosas, modelo Falcão. Na segunda fase, iniciada em 2011 com término em 2017, foram utilizadas armadilhas CDC, modelo HP, no domicílio, peridomicílio e floresta. Foram obtidos 56.837 flebotomíneos, pertencentes a vinte e seis espécies, duas do gênero Brumptomyia França & Parrot, 1921 e vinte e quatro do gênero Lutzomyia França, 1924. Das espécies encontradas, seis já foram registradas com infecção natural por Leishmania sp: Lutzomyia intermedia, L. fischeri, L. migonei, L. whitmani e L. pessoai por Leishmania braziliensis e L. ayrozai, por Leishmania naiffi. As espécies mais numerosas foram L. intermedia, L. fischeri e L. migonei e entre as menos numerosas destacou-se L. whitmani

Os resultados indicaram que L. intermedia e L. migonei estão totalmente adaptadas ao ambiente antrópico, enquanto L. fischeri, a espécie mais abundante e eclética, quanto ao local de hematofagia, ainda mantem seus criadouros e abrigos naturais no ambiente florestal. Lutzomyia intermedia, pode atuar como o principal vetor do agente etiológico da leishmaniose tegumentar nas áreas estudadas. Lutzomyia fischeri pode estar veiculando também a Leishmania braziliensis, tanto no ambiente alterado pela ação humana, como no ambiente silvestre. Lutzomyia migonei, pode picar o homem e os animais domésticos, sobretudo o cão. Lutzomyia whitmani não pode ser ignorada pela sua capacidade vetorial, já comprovada em outras regiões do Brasil. Constatou-se que a probabilidade de o homem adquirir a leishmaniose tegumentar é mais acentuada entre 18 e 21 horas no peridomicílio e entre 21 e 2h no interior da casa. A maior densidade dos flebotomíneos, em todos os municípios estudados, foi registrada nos meses mais quentes do ano, dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro, com grande umidade relativa do ar e precipitações típicas do verão. Entretanto, as espécies mais importantes e que podem estar envolvidas na veiculação do agente etiológico da leishmaniose tegumentar ao homem e animais, foram capturadas ao longo de todos os meses do anoAbstract: The process of the cutaneous leishmaniasis expansion in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo leads to the real need to get a better understanding of the bioecology of sand flies that occur in endemic areas. Systematized catches were carried out in several areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the region of Costa Verde, Rio de Janeiro State (Mangaratiba, Angra dos Reis and Paraty) and in a wild environment, in the Serra do Mar State Park, Picinguaba Nucleus, Sao Paulo State. In the first phase, begun in the late 1980's and completed at the end of the 1990's, sandflies were captured on the internal and external walls of the houses and at the domicile, peridomicile and forest with light traps, Falcão. In the second phase, started in 2011, ending in 2017, monthly, for two consecutive days, were used light traps CDC at the domicile, peridomicile and forest. Total of 56,837 phlebotomines, belonging to twenty-six species, two of the genus Brumptomyia França & Parrot, 1921 and twenty-four of the genus Lutzomyia France, 1924, were obtained. Six species were identified with natural infection, L. intermedia, L. fischeri, L. migonei, L. whitmani and L. pessoai by Leishmania braziliensis and L. ayrozai, by Leishmania naiffi. The most numerous species were L. intermedia, L. fischeri and L. migonei, and among the least numerous were L. whitmani. (AU)

Aspectos da ecologia dos flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) em área de ocorrência de leishmaniose tegumentar, município de Paraty, orla marítima do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Aspects of the ecology of phlebotomines (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in na area of cutaneous leishmaniasis occurrence, municipality of Paraty, coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

O crescente aumento dos casos de leishmaniose tegumentar, no município de Paraty, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, além da descrição do primeiro caso inédito e autóctone de leishmaniose cutâneo difusa, despertou o interesse de se realizar um estudo visando conhecer o perfil da fauna flebotomínica, estabelecendo a frequência domiciliar, mensal, além de analisar o índice de abundância das principais espécies. As capturas foram mensais, com permanência de quatro dias na área de estudo, durante três anos completos, outubro de 2009 a setembro de 2011 no bairro de São Gonçalo e outubro de 2011 a setembro de 2012 nos bairros de São Roque e Barra Grande. Os flebotomíneos foram capturados com tubos de sucção manual nas paredes internas e externas do domicílio, nos anexos de animais domésticos e na armadilha luminosa, modelo Shannon, armada no peridomicílio e na mata. As armadilhas luminosas CDC foram instaladas no intra, peridomicílio, margem e interior da mataForam obtidos 102.937 flebotomíneos, pertencentes a vinte e três espécies, três do gênero Brumptomyia França e Parrot, 1921 e vinte do gênero Lutzomyia França, 1924. Das espécies encontradas, seis já foram registradas com infecção natural: L. intermedia, L. fischeri, L. migonei, L. whitmani e L. pessoai por Leishmania braziliensis e L. ayrozai, por Leishmania naiffi. L. intermedia, em números absolutos, teve amplo predomínio sobre L. fischeri e L. migonei. Entretanto, o índice de abundância SISA mostrou L. fischeri como a primeira do ranking, sobretudo por ser abundante em todos os sítios de coleta. L. intermedia foi a segunda, pela abundância no ambiente domiciliar e com índices menores em relação à margem e a mata. L. migonei foi a terceira e L. whitmani a quarta mais abundante da fauna, particularmente na margem e no interior da mata...

The increasing cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the municipality of Paraty, Rio de Janeiro State, besides the description of the first new and autochthonous case of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, aroused the interest of conducting a study to identify the characteristics ofphlebotomines establishing the frequency in domestic environments, monthly, besides analyzing the index of abundance of major species. Catches were monthly, with four daysremaining in the study area for three full years, October 2009 to September 2011 in São Gonçalo and October 2011 to September 2012 in the neighborhood districts of São Roque and Barra Grande. Phlebotomines were captured with manual suction tubes on internal andexternal walls of the house, annex of domestic animals and light trap, model Shannon, armed in peridomicile and inside the forest. The light traps, model CDC, were installed in domicile,peridomicile, borden and inside the forest. This yielded 102,937 phlebotomines belonging totwenty-three species, three genus Brumptomyia France e Parrot, 1921 and twenty of the genus Lutzomyia France, 1924. Six species were found with natural infection: L. intermedia,L. fischeri, L. migonei, L. whitmani e L. pessoai for Leishmania braziliensis and L. ayrozai for Leishmania naiffi. L. intermedia, in absolute numbers, had significant dominance of L.fischeri and L. migonei. However, the abundance index SISA showed L. fischeri as the first ranking, especially since it is abundant in all the study sites. L. intermedia was second for theabundance in the home environment and lower levels relative to the border and inside the forest. L. migonei was the third and L. whitmani the fourth most abundant fauna, particularlyin border and inside the forest...